Importation Index of Dengue to Determine the Most Probable Origin of Importation

Probable Importation of Dengue Virus Type 4 to Angola from Brazil

To the Editor: The prevalence of dengue virus (DENV) infection in Africa may have been grossly underestimated for many years (1). Even though published reports are scarce, dengue has been documented in at least 34 countries in Africa (2). The role of travelers as sentinels of infectious disease has proven to be invaluable in this regard; dengue in returning travelers was the only evidence for l...

Translation Norms and the Importation of the Novel into Persian

The exportation of modern novel from European languages to other literatures has long been the object of study and has been, most recently, evoked in discussions of World Literature. The introduction of modern novel into the Persian literary system through translation occurred about the turn of the twentieth century. The genre was unprecedented in Persian and the concept of adabiyat wa...

Importation and Innovation

The 2012 dengue outbreak in Madeira: exploring the origins.

In 2012, Madeira reported its first major outbreak of dengue. To identify the origin of the imported dengue virus, we investigated the interconnectivity via air travel between dengue-endemic countries and Madeira, and compared available sequences against GenBank. There were 22,948 air travellers to Madeira in 2012, originating from twenty-nine dengue-endemic countries; 89.6% of these internatio...

Importation of Poliomyelitis by Travelers

To the Editor: In July 2007, an Australian traveler imported polio from Pakistan to Australia (1). He was a 22-year-old man who had immigrated to Australia and had traveled to his country of origin (Pakistan) to visit friends and relatives. Pakistan is one of 4 countries (Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, Pakistan) where polio is still endemic. A diagnosis of polio was made shortly after his return ...